As competing narratives and interpretations of viral videos muddy the investigations of the fatal shooting of Renee Nicole Good by an Immigration and Customs Enforcement officer in Minneapolis last week, there’s at least one thing that can’t be denied: the Department of Homeland Security’s operations in American cities are a sharp departure from how its agencies operated anytime before the second Trump administration.

ICE, specifically, is operating in a completely different way to how it has historically worked — with big shows of force in neighborhoods, seemingly indiscriminate arrests of immigrants (and citizens), and its careless treatment of bystanders and protesters.

But how did this shift develop? And what specifically changed in the way ICE operates domestically? I put these questions to David Hausman, a UC Berkeley law professor and the faculty director of the Deportation Data Project, a database of individual-level immigration enforcement cases. He assured me that none of what we’re seeing in Minneapolis is normal — and that these kinds of operations are about more than just immigration.

Our conversation has been edited for length and clarity.

How does domestic immigration enforcement now........

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