Pakistan's fight against terrorism has entered a new phase. While security forces continue to dismantle terrorist networks through intelligence-based operations, the persistence of violent extremism demonstrates that military success alone cannot eliminate the threat. Terrorist organisations may lose territory and leadership, but extremist ideologies can survive, adapt and recruit new followers. This reality raises an important question: How can Pakistan prevent radicalisation before it transforms into terrorism?

One country that attempted to answer this question is Saudi Arabia through its Mohammed bin Nayef Counselling and Care Programme. Introduced following the wave of terrorist attacks in the Kingdom after 2003, the initiative complemented traditional security measures with rehabilitation and reintegration. It recognised that counterterrorism is not only about defeating terrorists; it is equally about preventing the emergence of future extremists.

The programme adopted a multidisciplinary approach. Religious scholars engaged participants in structured dialogue to challenge extremist interpretations of Islam. Psychologists addressed behavioural and emotional vulnerabilities. Social workers and families supported rehabilitation, while vocational training and educational opportunities facilitated reintegration into society. Post-release monitoring further sought to reduce the likelihood of re-engagement with extremist networks.

Importantly, the Saudi model was never designed to replace law........

© The Nation