For too long, climate negotiations have risked drifting into abstraction, detached from the reality of climate impacts and action already happening on the ground. Often, climate negotiations are reduced to a false binary — from fossil fuels today to clean energy overnight. But real transitions unfold through hard development choices. COP30 in Brazil was a reset — the real world finally re-entered the negotiating halls.

At a time when climate multilateralism is under pressure, getting a good deal mattered more than holding out for an ideal one. This is the paradox at the heart of every Conference: Each COP is part of a longer process, yet each COP seeks a strong outcome. If the process from one COP to the next does not retain trust, it becomes harder to secure outcomes at the next one.

We came to COP30 in Brazil with clear priorities.

The Global Goal on Adaptation was central. Countries debated how to track progress on adaptation — from protecting people and infrastructure against extreme weather to strengthening food systems and water security. But developing countries were concerned that too many indicators would overload already overstretched reporting systems. The final text gives countries the flexibility to select and report on indicators that reflect their national circumstances.

Negotiators also took up the “just transition” agenda, ensuring cleaner growth doesn’t leave workers and communities behind. This year’s negotiations aimed to clarify the scope of the Just Transition Work Programme. The final text’s recognition of multiple national pathways to transition — and its decision to develop a Just........

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