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Francisco J. Monaldi

Francisco J. Monaldi

Foreign Policy

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Black-market oil buyers will push Venezuela for bigger discounts following US seizure – starving Maduro of much-needed  revenue

Black-market oil buyers will push Venezuela for bigger discounts following US seizure – starving Maduro of much-needed  revenue

Venezuela relies on the black-market oil trade for a large chunk of its revenue. US enforcement actions may push down the price it can charge, further...

12.12.2025 9

The Conversation

Francisco J. Monaldi