The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded to a trio of researchers for their work on peripheral immune tolerance, or how tissues and organs are saved from auto-immune attacks by rogue cells, is a recognition of its exciting potential to develop new therapies. Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi have been awarded the prize for explaining the mechanism by which specialist cells help weed out bad immune cells that attack healthy human tissues.

The discoveries by Prof. Sakaguchi of the role of specialist regulatory T cells containing a particular surface protein, CD25, in addition to another, CD4, and by Professors Brunkow and Ramsdell of the FOXP3 gene responsible for the proper........

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