or many years now the national economy has not been stable. This has created doubts about the very viability of the state. The multifaceted challenges, intensified in recent years, have impeded both economic growth and fiscal stabilisation.

The current challenges encompass a range of fiscal risks, primarily originating from external payment obligations. Shifts in global economic dynamics, fluctuations in commodity prices and global geopolitical tensions have also contributed to our complex situation. A comprehensive approach is needed to mitigate risks and foster sustainable economic growth.

Pakistan’s integration into the global economy has a pivotal role in shaping its domestic environment. We rely heavily on the imports to meet the domestic needs from energy to basic commodities. Therefore, any shift such as recession, alterations in global political alliances, or changes in trade patterns among major economies, affect our exports, imports and overall economic trajectory.

Fluctuation in the prices of essential commodities like oil, gas and agricultural products, as well as factors like supply disruptions, shifts in demand and geopolitical events have a profound impact. In this scenario, we must remain vigilant and proactive in managing our economic affairs.

Both externally and at home, our economy has faced persistent challenges. Foreign exchange inflows and revenues have consistently lagged behind outflows forcing the governments to borrow heavily. This has led to a significant........

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