In an era where social media platforms dominate our digital interactions, the vulnerabilities to technological crimes such as morphing, fake profiling, cyberbullying, and the dissemination of fake news have escalated significantly. Victims often find it challenging to seek legal recourse due to societal attitudes, weak laws, and insufficient moral support. Strengthening the legal framework and initiating national-level efforts for Pakistan’s digital sovereignty are imperative to tackle these challenges effectively. One critical reform is the creation of a Digital Rights Protection Authority, which can play a pivotal role in curtailing hate speech and fake news.

Social media networks (SMNs) present multifaceted legal implications, including issues of privacy, data protection, content moderation, and liability. Personal data is often collected and shared without consent, making individuals vulnerable to cybercriminals, identity theft, and financial fraud. Moreover, the unchecked spread of false accusations and online defamation can lead to significant emotional distress and ruin reputations. Women, in particular, face various forms of harassment, cyberbullying, and online violence, necessitating regulatory measures to protect their rights and dignity. The rampant unauthorized use and distribution of creative works, data exploitation, and the spread of malware further exacerbate the problem. Social media........

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