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Evidence

"That Fire Burns Is an Inference Nearly as Old as Human History"

Eugene Volokh | 8.25.2026 2:17 PM

A short excerpt from one part of Pudans v. Frank Rieman Music, Inc., decided Wednesday by the Iowa court of Appeals (in an opinion by Judge Sharon Soorholtz Greer):

Pudans and [Defendants] the Donahues are next-door neighbors…. According to Pudans, on the Fourth of July in 2017, fireworks set off from the Donahues' property damaged her swimming pool….

[T]he Donahues … argue Pudans's claim that the Donahues' fireworks burned a hole in her pool liner could not survive summary judgment without expert testimony on causation. In response, Pudans points to her affidavit that detailed........

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