In nations where religious fanaticism and extremism become rampant, societies grow increasingly chauvinistic, fragile, and decadent, causing the collapse of efforts to build a sustainable human society. A recent example of this decline can be seen in Bangladesh, where a spurt of violent arson highlights this grim reality. Where science, knowledge, and reason prevail, religious bigotry cannot dominate society. Thus, Bangladesh, with its legacy of struggle against Pakistan’s military rule, should not be experiencing this wave of reactionary jingoism. This sensitive issue has caused widespread concern in Bangladesh, neighbouring India, and abroad, tarnishing the country’s image 54 years post-liberation.

Realist theorists argue that national interest should guide a country’s foreign policy. Consequently, India might adopt this approach, but could also consider moving beyond conservative perspectives. The situation requires situational awareness, subjectivity, and patience rather than a rigid approach, especially when state behaviour is influenced by societal pressures and non-state actors.

What is surprising is the rapid change in relations between India and........

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