"In the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make,” Abigail Adams wrote in 1776 to her husband − future President John Adams, at the Continental Congress − “I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands."

Although women have faced many obstacles to winning equal treatment, their achievements have been central to our national story − including the history and legacy of the White House.

The influence and leadership of women at the White House have shaped the presidency, shined a light on critical issues, championed our country’s evolving culture and tastes, and offered public proof that leadership knows no gender. Women’s History Month offers a chance to learn some of their stories.

Despite Mrs. Adams’ letters, American independence did little to change the societal status of women. But the new republic did create a presidency − and while 18th century politics excluded women from running for office, a president’s spouse could exert influence on the White House and its history.

The term “First Lady of the Land” did not become popular until the late 19th century (and was later shortened to first lady), but from the start these women carried out critical duties. They hosted events, served as confidants to the president, supported political and social causes, brought changing tastes and decor to the White House, and served as symbolic models of womanhood in the new society.

From Martha Washington to Jill Biden, first ladies have written their own job descriptions.

At the start, their duties centered on the social life of the White House. Early first ladies like Dolley Madison helped launch traditions of entertaining that helped the president connect with members of Congress and political leaders. There were even more White House hostesses − including sisters, daughters, daughters-in-law, nieces or even Cabinet wives − who stood in for widowed, unmarried presidents, or whose wives didn’t perform White House social duties.

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