THE recent cessation of military hostilities in the Middle East, followed by active negotia-tions in Switzerland with Pakistan as mediator, has yet to substantively resolve the underlying strategic tensions between the United States and Iran. The renewed escalation between the two parties has once again underscored the critical importance of sustainable peace and stability in the Middle East disrupting economies, communities, enterprises and the eco-environment across the region. Despite persistent diplomatic efforts and mediation, the weaponization of maritime pathways has become a bitter reality, holding the blue economy, seamless supply chains, oil and gas flows and food security hostage, both within the Middle East and beyond.

In stark contrast, the pause in hostilities has highlighted the strategic significance of the Strait of Hormuz, which has emerged as a primary point of geographical contestation between the two nations. The struggle for control of the Strait has triggered a series of retaliatory strikes, deemed a violation of Article 5 of the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) and ultimately threatened to push the agreement to a breaking point.

It is crucial to note that the weaponization of this maritime route was initiated by Iran, severely disrupting the global economy and the shipping industry in a significant violation of........

© Pakistan Observer