Women’s progress in Canada is often discussed in general terms, yet one reality still largely absent from national conversations is the gendered cost of disability‑related caregiving.

In a survey of 902 Ontario mothers of autistic children, our research team found that mothers earned only 66 per cent of fathers’ incomes. This disparity does not result from ambition or choice. It reflects a system that relies on mothers’ unpaid labour when formal supports fall short, placing them at heightened risk of burnout and labour‑market withdrawal, either partial or complete. 

Flexible, caregiver-friendly work arrangements and accessible, adequately funded government support services could help close the gap and achieve gender equity.

Personal, economic costs of caregiving responsibilities

Raising an autistic child typically requires parents – most often mothers – to act as advocates, co-ordinators, educators and case managers across school, health and social-service systems. In our study, mothers reported spending an average of 9.4 hours per week managing these responsibilities. More time spent navigating services predicted poorer maternal mental health, even after accounting for income, education and a child’s support needs.

In other words, system design – waitlists, paperwork, inconsistent eligibility and being called upon during the workday to assist with their child – has measurable consequences for women’s well‑being and employment........

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