The Kremlin has emphasized the importance of global scrutiny of Russia’s newly formalized nuclear doctrine, highlighting its significance in maintaining strategic deterrence and clarifying conditions for retaliation. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov described the document as “extremely important” and called for “deep analysis” of its contents by both domestic and foreign policymakers. The updated policy, unveiled on November 19, outlines Russia’s stance on nuclear deterrence and the conditions under which it might deploy its arsenal.

Russia’s eight-page nuclear policy document builds upon previous statements made by President Vladimir Putin, who previewed changes to the doctrine earlier this year. A central element of the policy, according to Peskov, is its explicit assertion of the “inevitability of retaliation” in response to aggression against Russia or its allies.

This revised language underscores a clear warning to potential adversaries, making it explicit that any attack would trigger a decisive response. The doctrine aims to ensure that “a potential enemy” fully understands the consequences of any hostile action against Russia or its partners, thus deterring aggressive behavior.

The Kremlin’s renewed focus on its nuclear posture comes amid escalating tensions with Western nations over the conflict in Ukraine, particularly as Kyiv continues to push for expanded military support from its NATO backers. Russia’s updated stance explicitly considers scenarios in which a non-nuclear state acts in coordination with a nuclear power, treating such situations as collective aggression.

The timing of the announcement coincides with reports suggesting that US President Joe Biden has given tacit approval........

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