In the annals of political history, the phenomenon of leaders being forced to leave their countries due to public pressure and protest is not uncommon. This often occurs in response to widespread dissatisfaction with governance, economic turmoil, corruption scandals, or human rights abuses. Notable among these leaders is Sheikh Hasina Wajid of Bangladesh, who faced significant opposition at various points in her political career. However, she is not alone in this regard. A closer examination of global history reveals a number of Prime Ministers and Heads of State who have had to flee their countries due to the ire of their populace.

The cases of leaders fleeing their homelands are diverse and span across Continents. In Asia, for instance, Mohammad Najibullah of Afghanistan, who served as President during the Soviet occupation, was ousted in 1992. After the withdrawal of Soviet troops and the rise of the Mujahideen, Najibullah took refuge in a United Nations compound in Kabul, where he remained until 1996 when the Taliban captured the city and executed him. His downfall was precipitated by the collapse of the Soviet Union and the ensuing power vacuum, which his government could not withstand.

A prominent figure from the Middle East is the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. He left Iran in January 16, 1979 amidst the Islamic Revolution spearheaded by Ayatollah Khomeini. His tenure was characterized by swift modernization and secularization, which estranged many in Iranian society, notably religious factions and conservatives. The economic inequality and oppressive tactics employed by his administration incited widespread demonstrations, leading to his departure. The Shah sought........

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