THE original aim of artificial intelligence (AI) was to mimic human cognitive functions and provide insights into real-world problems. AI has gained global recognition through creative works in literature and cinema. Its applications span various sectors including military, space exploration and healthcare. In healthcare, AI aids in diagnosis, treat-ment suggestions and financial projections for structural health management. Cybersecurity, rooted in cybernetics, aims to safeguard networks, devices and data against damage or unauthorized access. AI, particularly through ma-chine learning, enhances cybersecurity by automating risk identification and mitigation. Cybersecurity frameworks like NIST and ISO offer guidelines for protecting diverse domains, reflecting concerns from infrastructure to human security.

China, the US and EU released an unprecedented joint communiqué in November 2023, pledging to work together globally to address the problems brought forth by cutting-edge artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, especially “frontier” AI-like generative models like ChatGPT. This paper raised issues about the possible use of AI for misin-formation and the significant threats it poses to biotechnology and cybersecurity. Officials from the US and China are engaging in further bilateral discussions to explore potential collaboration on risk management and regulation of AI. Notably, recent regulatory........

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