PARTS of the country are in the grip of intense cold, with many northern locations posting sub-zero temperatures. Even Karachi, which generally experiences mild winters, at one point saw the mercury dropping to seven degrees Celsius — or even lower.

Winters in Pakistan affect daily life in many ways. The shortage and disruption in gas supply, the absence of alternative fuel for cooking and keeping warm, smog, travel dangers due to poor visibility, and the challenge of survival for the homeless are just some of the travails. Perhaps it is the plight of those without a roof over their heads that is the most poignant. Without resources of their own, their survival depends largely on access to temporary relief. Charities and individuals often provide food and clothing. Welfare-oriented healthcare outfits offer basic medical treatment when the homeless fall ill. But sustained living in the open poses a serious challenge.

At least nine per cent of Pakistan’s total population suffers from inadequate housing. Many can be found dwelling on the streets. A study by this writer some years ago revealed that the homeless live in multiple formats in Karachi. They sleep, often with families or clans, on footpaths at........

© Dawn