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The world is passing through an unsettled time with mounting geopolitical tensions and economic volatility creating a fraught and unstable global situation. Multilateralism has been in retreat for well over a decade while the international system has become increasingly fragmented. The resurgence of East-West tensions, wars in Gaza and Ukraine and intensifying US-China confrontation have further shrunk the space for multilateral cooperation and contributed to a more fractured world. Strong headwinds unleashed by competing crises are making the future outlook a troubled one. All this at a time when the challenges the world faces cannot be tackled by countries on their own. Yet global governance institutions remain in disrepair.

It was against this backdrop that the ‘Summit of the Future’ was convened in the UN General Assembly on 22-23 September in New York. UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres described the summit as a “once in a generation opportunity” to strengthen multilateralism, renew the commitment to core principles and adopt an action-oriented ‘Pact for the Future’ setting out concrete responses to global challenges. In his opening remarks he said the summit was aimed at bringing “multilateralism back from the brink.” Its purpose was to “consider deep reforms to make global institutions more legitimate, fair and effective” at a........

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