This brief matters not because it is “political,” but because it is evidentiary.

What the states are asserting is not disagreement with speech, protest, or advocacy. It is the claim that AMP and NSJP crossed a bright legal line: coordination, facilitation, and post-facto justification of violence carried out by Hamas—a US-designated Foreign Terrorist Organization—in the immediate aftermath of October 7.

That distinction is foundational. The First Amendment protects speech, including offensive or morally repugnant speech. It does not protect........

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