Many of us have been in a situation where we hear somebody use a slur when talking about a member of a minority group. Such a slur can take many forms, such as racist, sexist, xenophobic, homophobic, or transphobic, but it is generally agreed that all such slurs are harmful, whether or not they are heard by a member of the targeted group.

Assuming we disagree with the slur and the sentiment behind it, what should we do after hearing one—specifically in the context of a conversation? Must we object, which can be very uncomfortable depending on the setting, or even gesture in a way that signals disagreement, such as shaking our head or rolling our eyes? Or is it enough to say nothing, refusing to assent to the offensive statement (while not directly refuting it)?

In a new paper in the journal Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, philosopher A.G. Holdier argues that, if we remain silent, not only are we complicit in the harm done to the targeted group, but we are directly doing harm (albeit less than the person who said the slur) by performing what he calls a “slurring silence.”1

Silence can be very suggestive. Just think of being in a romantic relationship and asking your partner if you look good in what you’re wearing—or saying “I........

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