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Kiran Shabbir

Kiran Shabbir

Paradigm Shift

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Why 2008 and Not 1999? NATO Expansion, Russian Aggression, and the Timing Gap

Why 2008 and Not 1999? NATO Expansion, Russian Aggression, and the Timing Gap

This paper examines why the eastward expansion of NATO triggered a Russian military response only in 2008 and beyond, and not in 1999, when the first...

14.04.2026 10

Paradigm Shift

Kiran shabbir