New Arsenal

Wars have often accelerated technological change. The machine gun altered infantry tactics, the tank transformed mobility, and air power redefined strategic reach. Yet every such innovation still depended on large numbers of soldiers operating dangerous machinery at close quarters. A quieter revolution now appears to be underway. The battlefield is increasingly becoming a contest not merely of armies, but of algorithms, engineers and autonomous systems.

The ongoing conflict in Ukraine offers a glimpse of this transformation. Faced with mounting manpower pressures and the realities of prolonged attritional warfare, military planners have increasingly turned to unmanned systems to perform tasks once reserved for frontline troops. Machines now undertake reconnaissance, logistical tasks, and offensive operations and offer force protection. In some cases, they are assuming roles traditionally associated with the infantry. This shift carries implications far beyond any single conflict. For centuries, military strength was measured largely by the ability to mobilise large numbers of people.

Population size, recruitment capacity and industrial output formed the foundations of national power. Technology mattered, but it generally........

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