The political landscape of Pakistan over the last five decades has reached a critical juncture, with its major political parties either in decline or approaching irrelevance. The Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), once a formidable force, especially in Punjab, lost its footing as far back as the 2013 elections. Despite concerted efforts by the shrewd Asif Ali Zardari and the youthful energy of Bilawal Bhutto, the PPP has failed to revive itself in the province.

The Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N), which enjoyed unparalleled popularity in Punjab for nearly three decades and frequently alternated between opposition and government, has also seen its glory fade. Its narrative unravelled after its unholy alliance with the establishment, eroding its credibility among supporters. This alliance, forged without consulting its base, marked the beginning of the party's decline, culminating in a massive loss of popularity. Adding to the damage has been the prolonged absence of its leader, Nawaz Sharif, from the country and the ineffectiveness of its second-tier leadership.

The Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) is the most popular party in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, despite its leader, Imran Khan, being incarcerated in Adiala Jail for over a year. While the PTI dominates the political narrative, its success in free and fair elections may be fleeting. If it returns to power, its lack of organisational discipline,........

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