China’s Latin Gambit

By any historical measure, great powers rarely announce their ambitions with fireworks. They prefer white papers, strategic roadmaps, and bureaucratic understatement. China’s latest policy paper on Latin America and the Caribbean, released quietly in late 2025, belongs squarely in that tradition. Yet to treat it as routine diplomacy would be a serious misreading of the moment.

This is Beijing’s first major update on the region since 2016. In the years between, the world has hardened. The U.S.-China rivalry has moved from abstraction to structure. Sanctions have replaced persuasion. Financial systems have become instruments of power. In that context, China’s Latin America strategy is not a provocation—it is a declaration of intent.

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The thing that really stands out about this document is how it talks about identity. Beijing always says that Latin America and the Caribbean are an important part of the “Global South”. This is not a way to describe these places it is a way to say they are part of a group. It means they have all been treated unfairly by countries and they all want to change this. Beijing thinks Latin America and the Caribbean are key, to the “Global South”. That is a big deal. The “Global South” is not a term it is a group of countries that want to make things more fair.

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