The more than one hundred-year-old divide in European politics between the right and left is beginning to fade. Radical left parties once challenged establishment and conservative forces, where civil servants, industry and the private sector held sway. Since WWII, moderate labour parties, often termed social democrats, have governed for long periods, with centre-oriented conservatives also taking turns in power. There has generally been consensus, or relatively small differences, on major issues, alongside clear distinctions, such as the left supporting the working class and the expansion of the welfare state through compulsory insurance and social services, including unemployment benefits and pensions. Today, there is broad agreement in support of the welfare state, though concerns about high taxation persist. Conservative and newer right-wing parties advocate lower taxes, reduced government spending and less generous public services. Populist right-wing parties have become influential in challenging established policies, particularly those of social democrats and parties further left.

The upcoming election in Hungary on 12 April is significant for both the country and the European Union (EU), of which Hungary is a member but often a critic. Viktor Orbán (62), Hungary’s prime minister for 16 years, faces a strong challenge from opposition leader Péter Magyar (45), a former ally. Opinion........

© The Nation