Lakhvinder Singh

The debate over whether South Korea should develop its own nuclear weapons is complex and urgent, driven by an evolving geopolitical landscape and increasing threats from North Korea. For some time, South Korea has grappled with the question of pursuing nuclear armament. However, the urgency of this decision is becoming more apparent, as postponement may no longer be a viable option.

South Korea has thus far adhered to its commitments under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and relied on its alliance with the United States, refraining from developing nuclear weapons despite having the necessary know-how and technical expertise. However, concerns about the effectiveness of the NPT in curbing nuclear proliferation, combined with uncertainties surrounding the U.S.-South Korea alliance — exacerbated by trade tensions and discussions about potential reductions in U.S. military support — are intensifying the debate.

An independent nuclear capability could provide South Korea with greater autonomy in its defense strategy, reducing reliance on external partners. North Korea's nuclear program has long progressed beyond its early stages, establishing itself as a significant nuclear power with a substantial arsenal. Despite various diplomatic efforts, North Korea has continued to expand its nuclear capabilities, potentially threatening South Korea and even the U.S. mainland. As North Korea's arsenal grows, doubts about the reliability of the U.S. nuclear umbrella have surfaced, with some in South Korea questioning whether the U.S. would risk its own security in a nuclear conflict to defend South Korea.

Acquiring nuclear weapons could offer South Korea strategic leverage in its dealings with North Korea and other regional actors. By signaling a potential willingness to........

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