Pakistani decision-makers have an enduring fascination with visible infrastructure projects. Well-planned and well-executed infrastructure development can help accelerate economic progress, advance development goals and strengthen resilience to climate change. Yet, the governance of infrastructure projects often falls short of these aspirations.

As per Global Infrastructure Hub estimates, the world needs around $94 trillion in infrastructure investment by 2040. Given current trends, there is an investment gap of approximately $15 trillion. Closing this gap is not simply a matter of mobilising additional financing. It also requires addressing the significant losses associated with weak infrastructure governance, especially those resulting from corruption.

Infrastructure is widely recognised as being particularly vulnerable to corruption. Infrastructure projects are often large, technically complex and difficult to monitor. Project costs are not easily comparable,........

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