The global contest for power is being redefined, not by oil, nor by traditional trade routes, but by control over critical minerals. Copper, lithium and rare earth elements now underpin everything from electric vehicles and renewable energy systems to advanced defence technologies. These are not just economic inputs; they are strategic assets. In the emerging order, access to these resources determines technological leadership, industrial resilience and military capability.

This is where China has built a decisive edge. Over the past two decades, Beijing has secured dominance not only in mining but, more importantly, in processing and refining. Today, a significant portion of the world's critical minerals passes through Chinese-controlled supply chains.

The US response has been to push for "supply chain diversification". The logic is clear: reduce reliance on China by developing alternative sources and routes. Yet, while this strategy is frequently articulated, its execution remains uneven. The search for alternatives often overlooks regions that are not only resource-rich but also geographically central to emerging trade networks.

Pakistan is one such case. From a mineral perspective, Pakistan's relevance begins with Reko Diq, one of the largest undeveloped copper and gold deposits in the world. At a time when global copper demand is expected to surge, driven by electrification and the green transition, such reserves are not peripheral; they are central to the future supply equation.

But Pakistan's importance cannot be understood through minerals alone. Its geographic position elevates its strategic value. Sitting at the intersection of South Asia,........

© The Express Tribune