The Middle East is a complex region where power, politics, and diplomacy continuously evolve, driven by internal conflicts, external interventions, and shifting alliances. In recent years, the region has witnessed dramatic changes in its geopolitical landscape, including the rise of regional powers, deepened rivalries, and the involvement of global players.

Consequently, Saudi Arabia, as one of the most influential actors in the Middle East, has made significant moves to reshape the region’s power dynamics. Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS) has introduced sweeping economic and social reforms under the banner of Vision-2030, which seeks to reduce the Kingdom’s reliance on oil, diversify the economy, and modernize its society. These reforms are intended to boost Saudi Arabia’s influence, but they are also paired with more assertive foreign policies.

Saudi Arabia under MBS has sought to become the undisputed leader of the Arab World, often clashing with Iran for regional dominance. The Saudi-led intervention in Yemen against the Houthi rebels—who are supported by Iran—has been a cornerstone of its efforts to limit Iranian influence. While Saudi Arabia has gained the support of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) allies, including the UAE, its military engagement in Yemen has been widely criticized for leading to one of the worst humanitarian crises in the world. In parallel, Saudi Arabia’s recalibration of diplomatic relations with Turkey and Qatar is also notable, as it seeks to form a........

© Eurasia Review