Writers who need to persuade an audience usually think about logos, ethos, and pathos. Or about what they need to say. But, ironically, where you put information can trump what you say. Moreover, readers perceive articles, proposals, and even emails as more tightly organized and argued when you rely on these four strategies:

Readers read faster and recall content more accurately when writers provide explicit overview sentences at the beginning of paragraphs. Moreover, these sentences also prime readers to recall content as consistent with the overview. Ultimately, this structure also enables readers to skim content more effectively, as skim readers spend more time looking at the first few sentences of paragraphs. These overview sentences also prime readers to see details in paragraphs as supporting your argument.

Situated in a spot that benefits from recency effects on recall, purpose statements powerfully frame readers’ expectations of content. Because reading is cognitively demanding, these single sentences speed the third and most challenging stage of reading, inference processing. As we read, we first identify the meaning of words in lexical processing, then the structure of sentences as the second stage, syntactic processing, before we reach the third stage: determining the meaning both within and across sentences.

Furthermore, purpose or thesis sentences enable readers to make accurate inferences about the meaning of sentences in documents—even if some words in the paragraph are unfamiliar to them. Additionally, by framing the key proposition in a document, thesis or purpose sentences also guide readers to focus on details essential to that framework, while ignoring less relevant details. This strategy works particularly well for readers with limited time but seemingly unlimited documents to read, including doctors,........

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