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Estrangement leaves a grief that has no clear ending.

Ambiguous loss can freeze the grief process and deepen the sense of shame parents may feel.

When adult children just walk away with no explanation, the silence and uncertainty can be paralyzing.

Many parents are honestly baffled by an estrangement and do not know how to mend the rift.

A brief note to readers: This piece centers on the experiences of parents who are estranged from their adult children. If you have estranged yourself from your parents or other family members, you’re not being asked to question your own experiences, boundaries, or decisions. Acknowledging one perspective does not invalidate another.

Family estrangement is often discussed as a necessary act of self-protection by adult children who choose to cut ties with their families. And, in many cases, it is. What is less often examined is how estrangement is experienced by the adult child’s parents. Not only do they lose contact with an adult child, but they are left navigating a grief that lacks social recognition, language, or clear resolution.

Over the years, as a scholar–practitioner studying family estrangement, I’ve been struck not by a lack of reflection among estranged parents, but by the pervasive sense of disorientation they feel. Many describe the experience as a loss that is unlike any other they’ve suffered. Their child is still alive, yet absent. There is no clear ending point to the estrangement, no shared story, and generally no map for how to proceed.

Psychologist Pauline Boss (2009) describes this type of experience as an ambiguous loss. This type of loss presents unexpected challenges because it remains unclear and unresolved, freezing the normal grieving process and complicating meaning-making. Unlike losses that are publicly acknowledged, ambiguous losses tend to be carried privately, which can intensify the shame and isolation that an estranged parent already feels.

For many estranged parents, this ambiguity is what makes the experience particularly painful. They don’t know whether reconciliation is possible, what might make it possible, or whether time will heal the rift or further deepen it. Friends and extended family often don’t know what to say. Some minimize the loss (“They’ll come around”). Others reassure too quickly (“You did the best you could”). Over time, many parents stop talking about it—not because the pain has diminished, but because they feel unsure which version of the story they’re allowed to tell. It’s the “not knowing” that makes it so hard for many parents.

Doing the Inner Work in an Attempt to Uncover the Reason Why

Contrary to prevailing stereotypes, many estranged parents engage in ongoing self-examination. They revisit past decisions, question moments they once viewed as unremarkable, and wonder which interactions their child may have experienced as harmful. Some acknowledge specific regrets and wish they had known then what they know now. Others struggle because the explanations they received about the break were vague or global rather than specific. This, they feel, leaves little direction for taking accountability or beginning repair.

Research on parent-adult child estrangement suggests that these ruptures are rarely simple or one-sided. Nationally representative studies indicate that estrangement is surprisingly common. At any point in time, it may affect as many as one in four Americans, and there is no way to predict who might be affected (Pillemer et al., 2020; Reczek et al., 2023). The world would benefit from having more space for multiple truths to coexist without a rush to judgment or moral certainty about relationship ruptures.

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Silence compounds the distress of the loss. While adult children may experience no contact as necessary for healing, parents often experience the absence of information as destabilizing. Questions linger: Are they safe? Is there ever a possibility of contact? Is there something specific I am being asked to acknowledge? Even a clear “I am not open to contact, and I may not be for a long time” can feel less painful than the open-ended uncertainty that many estranged parents face.

What many estranged parents long for is not absolution by others, but the recognition of the complexity of their circumstances and their state of mind. They want others to understand that care, harm, regret, attachment, and limitation can coexist in the same relationship. They also want to be seen as capable of growth, even when reconciliation is not possible or desired by their child.

Holding space for this perspective does not minimize the harm experienced by adult children. Family estrangement isn’t a zero-sum moral equation. Research in family systems emphasizes that relational ruptures are shaped over time, influenced by individual vulnerabilities, power dynamics, unmet needs, and contextual stressors (Agllias, 2011).

If we are serious about understanding family estrangement and not merely judging others’ choices or experiences, we need to learn to tolerate discomfort. We must be willing to hear stories that don’t resolve neatly and to acknowledge that grief, accountability, and love can appear together in complicated ways. Regardless of who’s to blame or who has been unfairly blamed, being the target of estrangement can be a painful and lonely place. Sometimes, healing begins not with reconciliation but with being allowed to tell a fuller story without being shamed or having one’s pain glossed over.

Agllias, K. (2011). No longer on speaking terms: The losses associated with family estrangement at the end of life. Families in society, 92(1), 107-113.

Boss, P. (2009). Ambiguous loss: Learning to live with unresolved grief. Harvard University Press.

Pillemer, K. (2022). Fault lines: Fractured families and how to mend them. Penguin.

Reczek, R., Stacey, L., & Thomeer, M. B. (2023). Parent–adult child estrangement in the United States by gender, race/ethnicity, and sexuality. Journal of Marriage and Family, 85(2), 494-517.

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