One of the most controversial aspects of my work exploring the relationship between horse and human brains is the distinction between predator and prey. Most people do not appreciate being called “predators,” despite the fact that the entire species of homo sapiens belongs to that biological classification. There are many hallmarks of predator animals; the easiest to identify is that we have frontal-facing eyes. Prey species, on the other hand, have eyes that face outward to each side. Think of a rabbit, a deer or elk, and, yes, a horse.

Prey animals also travel and sleep in groups rather than alone. The horse’s herd, for example, is a hallmark of his biological classification as prey. The herd is necessary for equine protection, allowing only a few individuals to remain vigilant while others sleep, eat, reproduce, or play. When these equine lookouts perk up their ears or turn their heads suddenly, other horses observe their reactions. If the sentinel shies or begins to run, you can bet her herdmates will follow suit immediately. Their brains are hard-wired to carry out that action.

Executive function of the kind produced by the human prefrontal cortex is important in predator species but detrimental in prey species. These functions include reasoning in........

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