Diversity and More Diversity Strengthen Long-Term Well-Being |
Group-type diversity is a significant predictor of well-being, even as far out as four years later.
Happiness from multiple group-type memberships, rather than social support, defends against loneliness.
The path to greater well-being lies in the creative self-efficacy that diversity produces.
The meaning, purpose, and belonging derived from diverse groups enables reframing of challenging situations.
Happiness is enhanced by membership in multiple different types of groups, according to a UK Nottingham Trent University Division of Psychology 2023 study, “Diversity of Group Memberships Predicts Well-Being: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Evidence.” The study reviews recent findings on diversity at both personal and group levels, as well as the well-being generated by membership in multiple groups. Building on these findings, it explores whether the well-being impacts of multiple group memberships are further enhanced when the groups are of different types.
Individual Diversity and Well-Being
The authors reference a wide range of research findings indicating that individuals who experience diversity in their life circumstances accrue greater personal psychological and health benefits than those who do not. The reason for this higher level of well-being is the increased ability to efficiently rise to challenging or stressful situations. Individuals who face personal situations that challenge the status quo or stereotypes develop cognitive flexibility, also known as self-efficacy, which encompasses problem-solving, self-esteem, and confidence in one’s ability to succeed. This creative self-efficacy manifests as a belief in one’s........