Islam is considered a complete code of life. From birth to death, it provides guidance to its followers in every aspect of life. And war, also known as ‘Jihad,’ is one of the prominent concepts in Islam. Although war has always been denounced in Islam, if imposed, then it becomes imperative for all Muslims to fight in the way of Allah Almighty. Our beloved Holy Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) and his companions have always preferred negotiations over conflict. Nearly every war fought in the history of Islam had been thrust upon them, either through direct challenge or covert means. 

In the Quran, Allah Almighty says, “Be prepared to defend yourself against them, regardless of your capacity for force and warhorses” (8:60). Nevertheless, Allah declared, “And if they desire peace, then grant them the same choice and have faith in Allah…” (8:61). This clearly proves the fact that Islam is against expansionism and war-mongering; rather, it allows its followers to develop the intent and capability in a defensive mode. This article delves into the strategies developed by major Islamic personalities that resonated with modern-day warfare tactics. 

Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H)

The introducer and flag bearer of the religion of Allah Almighty was our Holy Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H). Being a messenger of God, he represented the highest level of intellect and wisdom. History is evident that through his deal-making and expert negotiation strategy, he had always convinced his rivals. As per the Quran, the Holy Prophet was sent as a mercy to the worlds (21:107). 

As a result, his approach has never been to destroy the adversary or fight wars. No doubt, many battles have been fought during his period, but all were accomplished by his companions. He himself had never killed a human, be it the enemy or friend. In the battle of Uhud, he placed his soldiers at strategic locations as reserve forces, knowing the fact that the enemy might come from the back to create chaos in his forces. 

One of the most significant events during his reign was the ‘Treaty of Hudaybiyyah.’ Sources such as Sirah Ibn e Hisham and the Life of Muhammad mentioned that he concluded a pact with Quraysh at a place called Hudaybiyyah, when his entire caravan was blocked by infidels from performing pilgrimage in Makkah. Instead of waging war against them, Prophet concluded a deal that favored his enemies rather than himself. 

Thus, he preferred persuasion and alliance-making to avoid any bloodshed. However, when Quraysh broke the agreement, he conquered Makkah without any loss of life through isolating and psychologically pressuring the enemy. Thus, he became the first Islamic military strategist to introduce the concept of........

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