IT’S been more than a year that India has freezed essential everyday procedures like mandatory inspections and hydrological data exchange through the Permanent Indus Commission. New Delhi has committed a profound breach of international law. Under Article 26 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT), agreements must be performed in good faith (pacta sunt servanda), and Article 57 strictly prohibits unilateral suspension without mutual consent. Furthermore, India’s claim that Pakistan’s use of tiered arbitration over the Kishanganga and Ratle projects constitutes a material breach holds no legal water. This stance was explicitly rejected by the Permanent Court of Arbitration (CoA) in its June 2025 Supplemental Award, which declared the treaty fully binding and valid.

In this backdrop, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting and Institute of Regional Studies hosted the International Seminar on Indus........

© Pakistan Observer