ARTIFICIAL intelligence (AI) is the simulation or mimicking of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. Human intelligence processes comprise learning, reasoning, and problem-solving. Similarly, in AI, learning is achieved based on available data by applying techniques known as machine learning (ML). For instance, an AI model trained on medical records can learn to diagnose diseases by analyzing symptoms and historical patient data. AI employs logical reasoning to draw conclusions from available information. For example, in an AI-based time attendance system, AI will reason for the absence/late arrivals of certain employees, with inferences such as weather conditions, traffic routes availability, etc. Whereas a conventional database system will not be able to reason such results. While solving problems, AI algorithms tackle complex problems by breaking them down into smaller components.

Although human beings have been making endeavors to build machines that can replicate human functions for quite some time, a tangible outcome was produced by Alan Turing, who put forward a test known as the Turing Test. According to this test, a machine is intelligent if it makes humans think. In 1956, John McCarthy........

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