Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have experienced transformative growth over the past fifteen years, propelled by advancements such as deep learning, convolutional neural networks, transformer architectures, and the emergence of large language models (LLMs). These innovations have enabled machines to comprehend and generate language and images in previously unimaginable ways. The transformer architecture, introduced in 2017, has revolutionised image analysis and synthesis, as well as natural language processing, by incorporating attention mechanisms that capture long-range context. This development has led to LLMs like ChatGPT, Llama, and Gemini, capable of language translation, summarisation, and content generation. Often trained on extensive internet-scale data, these models are adaptable to new tasks through prompt tuning. These technologies now power applications in diverse domains including healthcare, law, education, creative arts, business, public services, and autonomous systems. Numerous Indian agencies and startups........

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