Prime Minister Narendra Modi embarked on a three-nation tour from December 15 to 18, 2025, visiting Jordan, Ethiopia and Oman.

This strategic journey underscored India’s commitment to fostering deeper ties with key partners in West Asia and Africa, regions pivotal to global stability, economic growth and cultural exchange.

The tour, marked by high-level engagements, historic milestones and tangible agreements, highlighted Modi’s visionary leadership in elevating India’s global stature. By focusing on shared values, mutual prosperity and collaborative progress, the visits yielded a plethora of positive outcomes, from economic partnerships to strategic alliances, benefiting not only India but also the host nations.

The tour commenced in Amman, Jordan, on December 15, where PM Modi was warmly received, setting a tone of camaraderie and respect. This visit coincided with the 75th anniversary of diplomatic relations between India and Jordan, a milestone that amplified the significance of the engagements. Modi’s interactions with King Abdullah II ibn Al Hussein were characterized by profound discussions on enhancing bilateral cooperation, reflecting the deep-rooted civilizational ties that bind the two nations.

The leaders reviewed the full spectrum of their relationship, from political stability to economic collaboration, paving the way for a more robust partnership. One of the standout achievements was the signing of five Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs), each designed to propel forward-looking initiatives.

The first focused on technical cooperation in new and renewable energy, harnessing Jordan’s solar potential and India’s expertise in sustainable technologies to drive clean energy projects. This agreement positions both countries as leaders in the global shift toward renewables, reducing carbon footprints and creating jobs in green sectors. Another MoU addressed water resources management, sharing best practices in conservation and desalination, crucial for arid regions like Jordan and parts of India. These pacts not only address environmental challenges but also foster innovation and technology transfer, benefiting local communities through improved resource efficiency.

Cultural exchanges were equally emphasised, with a twinning agreement between Jordan’s iconic Petra and India’s Ellora Caves. This initiative promotes tourism and heritage preservation, allowing for joint conservation efforts and cultural festivals that showcase the architectural marvels of both civilisations. The renewal of the cultural exchange programme for 2025-2029 ensures ongoing collaborations in arts, education and people-to-people connections, enriching the cultural tapestry of both nations. Additionally, a letter of intent on sharing digital solutions supports Jordan’s digital transformation, leveraging India’s prowess in e-governance and inclusive technologies to enhance public services and economic inclusion. Economically, the visit reinforced a thriving trade relationship valued at $2.8 billion annually, with ambitions to double it to $5 billion within five years.

Jordan’s exports of phosphates, phosphoric acid and potash are vital for India’s fertiliser industry, exemplified by the Jordan-India Fertiliser Company........

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