The dawn of the 21st century brought with it the decline of the US-led unipolar world order. For the first two decades, the United States demonstrated its brutal military might to rival states and non-state actors. The US-led War on Terror was one of its violent operations in the developing world. This war negatively affected the lives of the people of Afghanistan. Moreover, the US presence in Afghanistan has been a source of regional instability and a perennial source of discontent between the US, and the two Eastern powers, Russia and China. The latter two have been allies for decades. The growing geopolitical rivalry between the US and Russia has further bolstered their relationship. The recent confrontation between the Western and Eastern powers in the Indo-Pacific region and Ukraine has increased the tensions between the two sides, impacting the geopolitical dynamics of the South Asian region in particular.
Due to ever-expanding US violence and its violations of International Law, Russia, and China are pursuing a parallel regional strategy to reshape regional geopolitics by developing novel economic networks and alliances independent of Western influence. After the US withdrawal from Afghanistan, a vacuum was created. Since then, the Taliban government in Afghanistan has been seeking global recognition. However, the United States remains the biggest impediment to this goal of the Taliban government. The US-led........