Since the emergence of Narendra Modi as the Prime Minister of India in 2014, the nature of foreign policy of India has undergone a transformation with a strong sense of nationalist overtones, targeted engagements and the vigorous diplomacy.

Modi pursued a distinctive foreign policy which translated into a more uncompromising public stance vis-à-vis Pakistan, characterized by hardline stance on security challenges, selective diplomatic engagement, economic considerations and international strategic signaling.

However, this period of diplomatic engagement could not live longer and gradually followed a series of militant attacks and the adoption of more coercive foreign policy toward Pakistan.

Pakistan has experienced persistent tensions in their bilateral relations with India since inception in 1947. Within the historically adversarial setting, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has emerged as one of the most influential Indian leaders in the realm of foreign affairs. Since the emergence of Narendra Modi as the Prime Minister of India in 2014, the nature of foreign policy of India has undergone a transformation with a strong sense of nationalist overtones, targeted engagements and the vigorous diplomacy. India’s foreign policy after Modi clearly reflects Modi’s personal beliefs and Hindutva ideology, influenced by RHS and VHP. According to the Director of Human Rights Watch for South Asia, Meenakshi Ganguly, BJP is fueling extremist Hindus in every........

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