With no crude oil pipelines over the Sierra Mountains, California is an energy island separated from the crude oil supply, and the infrastructure of oil refineries from the other 49 States. Thus, all in-state California transportation fuel demands for ships, airports, cars, and trucks have staggering numbers FROM in-state refineries: 

Beyond chemistry, hydrocarbons underpin physical mobility. 

Diesel powers heavy logistics: trucks, mining equipment, construction machinery, rail, and agricultural systems. 

Aviation depends almost entirely on jet fuel. 

Merchant ships for global trade rely on bunker fuel. 

Military mobility, tanks, aircraft, naval fleets, and supply chains, remains inseparable from liquid hydrocarbons due to their unmatched energy density, storability, and reliability.

Collectively, closure of the Phillips refinery in Southern California and the Valero refinery in Northern California provided about 17% of the state’s crude oil processing capacity to provide transportation fuels demanded in California. Thus, transportation fuel shortages are imminent for California, and will be importing those transportation fuels from new refineries in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East.

Fuel for the ships in three of the busiest Ports in America, located in California. Port of Los Angeles had more than 1,800 vessel arrivals in 2024, which includes cruise and merchant ships. Port of Long Beach handled over 9.6 million container units in 2024,........

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