THE current educational debate over the impact of generative artificial intelligence learning is because this technology is different from earlier AIs. The latter helped manage knowledge, summarise data and analyse and synthesise bulk information. GAI, with its advanced algorithmic architecture, generates new content in text, images and videos. It is easier, faster and accessible, which raises concerns about knowledge automation as GAI can produce information, solve problems and prompt learners to automate assignments. Dependence on automation harms cognitive capabilities.

Research affirms the correlation between GAI and cognitive erosion, weakening neural signals, reducing critical thinking scores and impairing independent recall. In the short term, GAI can enhance speed and efficiency. In the long run, it can diminish learners’ intent to learn, think critically, discover, solve real problems and make decisions. The education systems most prone to cognitive decline are those that promote cramming and learning by rote, and have poor teacher support and foundational learning.

In an exam-cramming culture, GAI becomes a convenient tool to produce summaries, answers and model essays. Students spend less........

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