Pakistan emerged from the shackles of colonialism, and as a result, the political, economic, and spiritual culture of colonialism, along with its administrative institutions like bureaucracy, judiciary, and armed forces, have deeply influenced the country.

However, the absence of strong political institutions, a cohesive culture, and the pressures of the Cold War in the global arena have greatly impacted the trajectory of Pakistan’s future.

Unfortunately, these factors have led to the current state of affairs where effective leadership, political parties with clear manifestos, and intellectuals and policymakers with a comprehensive understanding of global dynamics and the forces shaping the world are lacking.

Regrettably, the individuals in positions of power lack awareness of crucial factors such as the 4Fs (science, technology, globalization, and brain power development – the four foundational forces) and their impact not only on Pakistan but also on the global stage.

This lack of understanding hampers their ability to navigate the complex forces influencing the future course of development worldwide.

It is imperative for Pakistan to cultivate leaders, intellectuals, and policymakers who possess knowledge and insight into these critical factors, as they hold the key to shaping a brighter future for the nation and its people.

Industrial Revolutions:

It is crucial for us to recognize that the world prior to the first Industrial Revolution in the late 18th and early 19th centuries was markedly distinct. The global economy was plagued by extensive poverty, with only China and India making noteworthy contributions to the world GDP.

However, the advent of the first industrial revolution ushered in transformative shifts in the economy, society, and politics, ultimately giving rise to a new capitalist system fueled by the pursuit of profit and the accumulation of wealth, which consequently led to increased inequality across all facets of life.

Subsequently, the second Industrial........

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