What you can do in your 30s to stay healthy at 70 |
From a brisk 15-minute walk, to getting regular sleep – doing these things in your 30s could help you stay fit well into your 70s.
By the time you reach your eighth decade of life, the chances are that you'll probably be feeling weaker, stiffer, and perhaps a little less cognitively sharp than in your younger years. Your sleep patterns might have changed so that you feel drowsier in the evenings and then wake earlier. Most concerningly, going by population averages, it's likely that you will be dealing with at least one chronic health condition.
Yet researchers, now more than ever, are convinced that this is not an inevitability. "Based on what we now know, most people could expect to live to 90 or even 95 in good health if they were to optimise their lifestyle," says Eric Verdin, president and chief executive of the Buck Institute for Research on Ageing in California. "And that's very far from where we are, where most people live to 65 or 70 in good health, and then become ill and suffer all the indignities of old age."
While Verdin says that it's never too late to improve your health at any age through making positive lifestyle adjustments, whether that's exercising more, eating better or cutting back on alcohol, you will likely fare best if you start sooner. In particular, researchers have highlighted your 30s as a key decade when a number of physiological systems, whether that's muscle mass and strength, bone density or metabolic regulation, begin to show the first subtle age-related changes.
"It does highlight this period as an important opportunity to reinforce behaviours that build long-term resilience," says João Passos, a professor of physiology at the Mayo Clinic's Kogod Center on Ageing, based in Minnesota.
To understand what might be possible, researchers studying the ageing process like to focus on groups of people who buck the ordinary trends. One example is masters athletes, individuals aged over 35 who still compete regularly in sporting competitions, whether that's running, cycling or other sports, often continuing into their 60s and beyond.
Paul Morgan, a senior lecturer in nutrition and metabolism at Manchester Metropolitan University, notes that many of these athletes display a very different ageing trajectory to the rest of us, characterised by a higher peak in cardiovascular function and muscle strength and function, followed by a delayed decline. As a result, he says that many of them manage to avoid loss of mobility and independence for much longer in later life. "They have this additional reserve which acts as a protective barrier through the middle stages of life," says Morgan.
We can all learn from this. To give us the best chance of ageing well, Morgan says that we should aim to hit the highest peak that we can in our 30s, particularly when it comes to aerobic capacity (the maximum amount of oxygen your body can use during exercise), flexibility, and muscle strength.
One of the biggest risks for anyone over the age of 70 is tripping and falling, which