Since 2020, the Abraham Accords, initiated under US mediation as a series of agreements between Israel and the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Morocco, and Sudan, have begun to extend well beyond their original regional scope. The initial intention was to restore relations between Israel and the Gulf states, as well as several Arab countries, after decades of hostility, and to promote cultural and economic cooperation. However, in the context of the Palestinian issue, this process has in recent times, generated serious discontent in Iran and a number of Muslim-majority states across the region.

It is therefore no coincidence that, following the Trump administration’s return to leadership in the United States, the White House has put forward Azerbaijan’s potential accession to the agreement as a proposal. Although Azerbaijan belongs neither to the Middle East nor to the Arab world, the nature of Israel–Azerbaijan relations, coupled with Tel Aviv’s strategic approach to the South Caucasus, creates conditions under which Baku’s inclusion in this framework has become a realistic possibility.

Supporters argue that joining the Abraham Accords would merely formalise what already exists. Azerbaijan and Israel maintain one of the........

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