In the corpus of the science of fun, there is a type of enjoyment that goes against the grain of seeking comfort and ease: “Type II Fun” (academically more often referred to as “hard fun”). Although Type II Fun and hard fun are not exactly the same, they’re similar enough in that they challenge the traditional notion that enjoyable activities must be relaxing or pleasurable in the moment. Instead, they support the idea that fun is far from frivolous but instead represents a wide spectrum of activities crucial to our life satisfaction and long-lasting fulfillment.
Hard fun, a term popularized in educational circles, refers to the idea that people—especially children—often derive deep joy and satisfaction from tasks that push their limits and require significant effort to overcome. Similarly, Type II Fun describes activities that are enjoyable, not necessarily in the moment, but in retrospect. These types of fun are often associated with pursuits of endurance like sports or outdoor activities (e.g., mountaineering, hiking, etc.), where the pleasure is derived from overcoming adversity, reflecting on the experience, and the sense of achievement it brings.
Despite their differences in origin—hard fun from educational psychology and Type II Fun from those who like to push the limits of sports and nature—the core similarity lies in embracing challenge. The evidenced-based Rucker PLAY Model from my book The Fun Habit also highlights the importance of fun that is challenging. This four-quadrant model helps individuals lead an enjoyable life by organizing their activities into the following areas: pleasing, living, agonizing, and yielding. The living quadrant of the PLAY Model is crucial for integrating challenging yet highly rewarding activities into one’s life.
All three of these ideas emphasize activities that require significant effort or learning but are ultimately intrinsically rewarding and lead to personal growth or mastery. These are usually not everyday activities due to their demanding nature, but they are essential for experiencing deep joy and fulfillment—a recognition that temporarily enduring discomfort can lead to personal growth and a deeper sense of accomplishment, which ultimately leads to lasting pleasure through the acts of relishing and reminiscing.
The significance of Type II Fun and hard fun extends beyond the thrill of adventure and achievement. These types of activities represent a fundamental shift in how we understand happiness and well-being. Traditional leisure activities provide immediate gratification or relaxation, but activities classified as hard or Type II Fun offer long-term benefits, such as:
Here’s how to be proactive and pursue specific activities that bring long-term enjoyment and fulfillment.
While hard fun and Type II Fun may not provide the immediate satisfaction that easier, pleasing activities offer, their value lies in the profound impact they can have on our personal development and well-being. By embracing these forms of fun, we open ourselves up to a world of growth opportunities that enhance our resilience, expand our capabilities, enrich our lives, and sometimes even lead to transcendence.
References
Ehrlich, C. (2012). Be careful what you wish for but also why you wish for it–Goal-striving reasons and subjective well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 7(6), 493-503.
Lucardie, D. (2014). The impact of fun and enjoyment on adult's learning. Procedia-Social and behavioral sciences, 142, 439-446.
Rucker, M. (2023). The fun habit: How the pursuit of joy and wonder can change your life. Atria Books.
Seery, M. D., Holman, E. A., & Silver, R. C. (2010). Whatever does not kill us: cumulative lifetime adversity, vulnerability, and resilience. Journal of personality and social psychology, 99(6), 1025.
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