For five years, Hanaa A., her children and grandchildren have been living in a refugee camp in Maarat Misrin, about 25 kilometers (15 miles) north of Idlib, a city in northern Syria.
The refugee camp is built on unpaved ground that gets so muddy in winter that people almost get stuck when walking. In summer, on the other hand, the tents get so hot that you can hardly bear being inside, residents told DW. Hanaa A. and her 14 family members live in cramped tents and have no access to running water.
"Our situation is bad. The tents are not water-tight, and the washing facilities are very limited," the 55-year-old told DW. "I'm a widow and need to care for everything on my own."
Life used to be better for the family. In the past, that was when their hometown, Maarat an-Numan, in the Idlib governorate, was still under the control of the resistance and had not yet been recaptured by the Syrian regime. Her husband was still alive then — he was killed in Russian and Syrian attacks during the escape from Maarat an-Numan.
The province of Idlib is largely the last region held by Syrian rebels and Islamists. It is predominantly under the control of Islamist militias, in particular the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) group, which emerged from the al-Qaeda-affiliated so-called "Al-Nusra Front".
Leaving behind their own home, their memories, their whole life and the certainty of having enough food on the table was not easy for Hanaa A. and her family. Today, they no longer have that certainty.
"Everything has become expensive, and we receive less aid from international organizations," the Syrian woman told DW.
Of the 4.5 million population in northwest Syria, 2.9 million are internally displaced. Around 2 million of them live in refugee camps, mostly on the border with Turkey.
However, these camps lack basic supplies. Local organizations are barely able to keep up with the assistance of refugees.
"The situation in this part of Syria has deteriorated," Abdullah al-Kumait, an employee of the local aid organization Molham Team, told DW. "The people here are very reliant on aid from the United Nations, yet this has been reduced."
13 years of civil war, which is still ongoing, the difficult economic situation in Syria and the earthquake on 6 February 2023 have left over 90% of the 4.5 million people in the northwest of the country dependent on international aid.
Furthermore, the shelling and attacks by the Syrian and Russian military have killed dozens of people and displaced more than 100,000 since August 2023.
The UN was only able to secure 37% of the $5.3 billion (€4.9 billion) needed for its 2023 humanitarian response in Syria, UN Deputy Regional Humanitarian Coordinator for the Syria Crisis David Carden told the Associated Press news agency during a visit to northwestern Syria in late January.
Due to severe financial constraints, the UN World Food Programme (WFP) was also forced to suspend its food aid throughout Syria as of January 2024, with disastrous consequences for the population, especially in the northwestern refugee camps.
There, Hanaa A. regularly received a box of staple foods from the WFP, such as rice, flour, and lentils.
"We really feel the lack of this food, and buying it in the quantities we need is expensive. Unfortunately, I don't have a job either," she said.
Rising inflation and increasing unemployment are further exacerbating the situation. Many people now find it almost impossible to meet their basic needs. Not only is food in short supply, but also medicines and urgently needed medical care.
Donor fatigue and increasing crises in other parts of the world are also causing funding problems for aid programs.
"Acute hunger remains at record levels in today's post-pandemic world, and yet, humanitarian funding has returned to pre-pandemic levels," Martin Penner, WFP's spokesperson, told DW. "Almost half of WFP country operations have already cut the size and scope of food, cash and nutrition assistance this year."
Also, Penner has observed that this situation is not unique to WFP. It rather reflects the new, more challenging financial landscape of the entire humanitarian sector.
To reduce the risk of donor fatigue, to support the Syrian civil society and to further promote UN efforts, the EU has already launched conferences to "Support the Future of Syria and the Region" in 2017.
International pledges totaling €5.6 billion were made in 2023: €4.6 billion for 2023 but only €1 billion for 2024.
A drop in the ocean considering that the World Bank estimates that the 2023 earthquake alone caused almost €5 billion worth of damage in northern Syria.
Abdullah al-Kumait of the Molham Team aid organization is concerned. "People actually need more help now than before, not less!"
For now, WFP at least plans to continue assisting children under five and pregnant and nursing mothers through nutrition programs, children in school and learning centers through its school meals program, and farming families through its livelihood support program.
"WFP will continue supporting families affected by emergencies and natural disasters across the country through smaller, time-bound and more targeted emergency response interventions," Ross Smith, WFP Deputy Country Director in Syria, told DW.
For now, however, Hanaa A. and her family don't benefit from this help. As of today, she doesn't know how she will feed herself and her family without any help or income of her own.
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This article was translated from German by Jennifer Holleis.
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